Urban ecosystems are human-dominated environments like cities and towns that include built infrastructure, green spaces, human activities, and wildlife. They play a key role in shaping modern lifestyles while offering both challenges and opportunities for sustainability.
Urban ecosystems face air and water pollution, overpopulation, loss of biodiversity, excessive energy consumption, and heat island effects due to concrete structures and lack of vegetation.
Solutions include expanding green rooftops, promoting public transport and electric vehicles, sustainable urban planning, smart cities with efficient energy use, urban farming, and community-led recycling and conservation efforts.